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$2.99 eBook Sale: People of the Morning Star by W. Michael Gear & Kathleen O’Neal Gear

Placeholder of  -11The ebook edition of People of the Morning Star by W. Michael and Kathleen O’Neal Gear, the beginning of the story of a great and forgotten American civilization, is on sale now for only $2.99! This offer will only last for a limited time, so order your copy today! Keep an eye out for Moon Huntthe new book reconstructing the history of Cahokia, available November 17th.

About People of the Morning Star: Award-winning archaeologists and New York Times and USA Today bestselling authors W. Michael Gear and Kathleen O’Neal Gear begin the stunning saga of the North American equivalent of ancient Rome in People of the Morning Star. 

The city of Cahokia, at its height, covered more than six square miles around what is now St. Louis and included structures more than ten stories high. Cahokian warriors and traders roamed from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico. What force on earth would motivate hundreds of thousands of people to pick up, move hundreds of miles, and once plopped down amidst a polyglot of strangers, build an incredible city?

A religious miracle: the Cahokians believed that the divine hero Morning Star had been resurrected in the flesh. But not all is fine and stable in glorious Cahokia. To the astonishment of the ruling clan, an attempt is made on the living god’s life. Now it is up to Morning Star’s aunt, Matron Blue Heron, to keep it quiet until she can uncover the plot and bring the culprits to justice. If she fails, Cahokia will be torn asunder in warfare, rage, and blood as civil war consumes them all.

Order Your Copy

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This sale ends November 3rd.

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Fall Forge Books Preview

Fall is almost upon us…apple cider, colorful leaves, crisp air, and of course new books! Whether you’re looking to visit the quaint Irish village of Ballybucklebo, see Rio during Carnival, or head to the Wild West, we have you covered. Here’s a look at what will be coming out this season from Forge Books:

An Irish Country Practice by Patrick Taylor

Image Placeholder of - 30 Once, not too long ago, there was just a single Irish country doctor tending to the lively little village of Ballybucklebo: Doctor Fingal Flahertie O’Reilly. Now his thriving practice is growing by leaps and bounds.

Not only has O’Reilly taken a new trainee under his wing, Doctor Connor Nelson, he’s also added a spirited Labrador puppy to his ever-expanding household at Number One Main Street. Meanwhile, his trusted partner, young Doctor Barry Laverty, finds himself wondering if he’s truly ready to settle down and start a family with his lovely fiancée, Sue.

Dark Signal by Shannon Baker

Place holder  of - 62 Reeling from her recent divorce, Kate Fox has just been sworn in as Grand County, Nebraska Sheriff when tragedy strikes. A railroad accident has left engineer Chad Mills dead, his conductor Bobby Jenkins in shock. Kate soon realizes that the accident was likely murder.

Who would want to kill Chad Mills?

Wild West by Elmer Kelton

Image Place holder  of - 25Collected for the first time in book form, seven-time Spur Award-winning author Elmer Kelton’s Wild West.

From rodeos to rustlers, from ranch life to the outlaw trail, Elmer Kelton offers us tales of the American West, both modern and mythical. Readers will meet a rodeo clown who seeks redemption through romance, a recently-released prisoner trying to reform himself via ranch work, and an embattled veteran with just enough courage left to conquer his last foe—when a town and the love of his life are at stake.

American Drifter by Heather Graham and Chad Michael Murray

Placeholder of  -88New York Times bestselling author Heather Graham has teamed up with celebrated actor and celebrity icon Chad Michael Murray to weave a tale of passion and danger in the captivating thriller suspense, American Drifter.

A young veteran of the US Army, River Roulet is struggling to shake the horrors of his past. War is behind him, but the memories remain. Desperate to distract himself from the images haunting him daily, River abandons the world he knows and flees to the country he’s always dreamed of visiting: Brazil.

Then he meets the enchanting Natal, an impassioned journalist and free spirit-who lives with the gangster that rules much of Rio. As their romance blossoms, River and Natal flee together into the interior of Brazil, where they are pursued by the sadistic drug lord, Tio Amato, and his men. Will the two lovers escape-and will River ever be free of the bloody memories that haunt him?

The Ballad of Black Bart by Loren D. Estleman

Poster Placeholder of - 91Between July 1875 and November 1883, a single outlaw robbed the stagecoaches of Wells Fargo in California’s Mother Lode country a record of twenty-eight times. Armed with an unloaded shotgun, walking to and from the scenes of the robberies, often for hundreds of miles, and leaving poems behind, the infamous Black Bart was fiercely hunted.

The Ballad of Black Bart is a duel of wits involving two adversaries of surpassing cleverness, set against the vivid backdrop of the Old West.

Moon Hunt by Kathleen O’Neal Gear and W. Michael Gear

Moon Hunt is the third epic tale in the Morning Star series by New York Times bestselling authors W. Michael Gear and Kathleen O’Neal Gear. Against the intricate majesty that was America’s greatest pre-Columbian city, the Gears have once again woven the latest archaeological data into a painstakingly accurate reconstruction of Cahokia and provide a rare look into the mystical underpinnings of Native American culture.

The Macedonian by Nicholas Guild

Nicholas Guild’s The Macedonian is a gripping fictional account of the life of Philip of Macedon, the king who sired Alexander the Great and conquered an unprecedented number of ancient Greek city-states.

On a cold, snow-swept night in the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon, a son is born to the king’s principal wife. His mother hates him for being his father’s child. His father hardly notices him. With two elder brothers, obscurity seems his destiny. The boy is sent off to be nursed by the chief steward’s wife. Yet, in a moment of national crisis, when Macedon is on the verge of being torn apart, the prince raised by a servant finds himself proclaimed the king.

Strong to the Bone by Jon Land

Texas Ranger Caitlin Strong takes on a gang of neo-Nazis in Strong to the Bone, an action-packed novel of the critically acclaimed Caitlin Strong series by Jon Land.

A sinister movement has emerged from the shadows of history, determined to undermine the American way of life. Its leader, Armand Fisker, has an army at his disposal, a deadly bio-weapon, and a reputation for being unbeatable. But he’s never taken on the likes of Caitlin Strong and her outlaw lover, Cort Wesley Masters. To prevent an unspeakable cataclysm, Caitlin and Cort Wesley must win a war the world thought was over.

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New Releases: 10/18/16

Here’s what went on sale today!

Pathfinder Tales: Shy Knives by Sam Sykes

9780765384355Shaia “Shy” Ratani is a clever rogue who makes her living outside of strictly legal methods. While hiding out in the frontier city of Yanmass, she accepts a job solving a nobleman’s murder, only to find herself sucked into a plot involving an invading centaur army that could see the whole city burned to the ground. Shy could stop that from happening, but doing so would involve revealing herself to the former friends who now want her dead. Add in an aristocratic partner with the literal blood of angels in her veins, and Shy quickly remembers why she swore off doing good deeds in the first place.

The Rains by Gregg Hurwitz

The Rains by Gregg HurwitzIn one terrifying night, the peaceful community of Creek’s Cause turns into a war zone. No one under the age of eighteen is safe. Chance Rain and his older brother, Patrick, have already fended off multiple attacks from infected adults by the time they arrive at the school where other young survivors are hiding.

Most of the kids they know have been dragged away by once-trusted adults who are now ferocious, inhuman beings. The parasite that transformed them takes hold after people turn eighteen–and Patrick’s birthday is only a few days away.

Sun Born by W. Michael Gear and Kathleen O’Neal Gear

Sun Born by Kathleen O’Neal Gear and W. Michael GearA thousand years ago, the mighty Cahokian civilization dominated the North American continent from its capital near modern St. Louis. From Wisconsin to the Gulf of Mexico, settlers and priests carried word of the power of their gods. People who wouldn’t bow to that power were conquered or slaughtered. At the heart of the empire stood a vast city, teeming with tens of thousands. Power rested in one being, Morning Star, a god resurrected in the body of a living man.

With Sun Born, W. Michael Gear and Kathleen O’Neal Gear take readers back to this amazing place with a tale of murder, magic . . . and the battle for a people’s very soul.

 

NEW FROM TOR.COM: 

Everything Belongs to the Future by Laurie Penny

Everything Belongs to the Future by Laurie PennyIn the ancient heart of Oxford University, the ultra-rich celebrate their vastly extended lifespans. But a few surprises are in store for them. From Nina and Alex, Margo and Fidget, scruffy anarchists sharing living space with an ever-shifting cast of crusty punks and lost kids. And also from the scientist who invented the longevity treatment in the first place.

Everything Belongs to the Future is a bloody-minded tale of time, betrayal, desperation, and hope that could only have been told by the inimitable Laurie Penny.

NOW IN PAPERBACK:

Radiance by Catherynne M. Valente

Radiance by Catherynne M. ValenteSeverin Unck’s father is a famous director of Gothic romances in an alternate 1986 in which talking movies are still a daring innovation due to the patent-hoarding Edison family. Rebelling against her father’s films of passion, intrigue, and spirits from beyond, Severin starts making documentaries, traveling through space and investigating the levitator cults of Neptune and the lawless saloons of Mars. For this is not our solar system, but one drawn from classic science fiction in which all the planets are inhabited and we travel through space on beautiful rockets. Severin is a realist in a fantastic universe.

NEW IN MANGA

Battle Rabbits Vol. 2 Story by Amemiya Yuki; Art by Ichihara Yukino

Miss Kobayashi’s Dragon Maid Vol. 1 by Coolkyoushinja

Mushoku Tensei: Jobless Reincarnation Vol. 4 Story by Rifujin na Magonote; Art by Yuka Fujikawa

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Sneak Peek: Sun Born by W. Michael Gear and Kathleen O’Neal Gear

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Sun Born by W. Michael Gear and Kathleen O’Neal GearA thousand years ago, the mighty Cahokian civilization dominated the North American continent from its capital near modern St. Louis. From Wisconsin to the Gulf of Mexico, settlers and priests carried word of the power of their gods. People who wouldn’t bow to that power were conquered or slaughtered. At the heart of the empire stood a vast city, teeming with tens of thousands. Power rested in one being, Morning Star, a god resurrected in the body of a living man.

With Sun Born, W. Michael Gear and Kathleen O’Neal Gear take readers back to this amazing place with a tale of murder, magic . . . and the battle for a people’s very soul. An old enemy has returned to Cahokia, bringing with him emissaries from a civilization that rivals Cahokia. It becomes apparent to the gods-possessed Lady Night Shadow Star, human sister of Morning Star, that they could be conquered by this technologically advanced culture.

The fact that the living god, Morning Star, is unwilling–or unable–to play a role in the outcome is a conundrum with horrific possibilities.

Sun Born will become available October 18th. Please enjoy this excerpt.

One

A thousand fires lit the darkness; the great city of Cahokia pulsed and throbbed as if it were a bizarre and disparate organism—a sort of mindless being. Its avenues and arteries overflowed with celebrating people. So many people: from the exalted members of the ruling Four Winds Clan; the subordinate Earth clans with their chiefs and matrons; the myriads of priests, shamans, and Traders; and, of course, the tens of thousands of immigrants. Known as “dirt farmers,” they’d picked up entire towns and flocked to the burgeoning city.

Despite the numbers and vast diversity of Cahokia’s population, the burly man known as Seven Skull Shield considered himself to have few—if any—equals.

He glanced at the Anilco Trader who walked beside him. A case in point.

Like all river Traders, the man, whose name translated as “Water Bird,” was all shoulders and arms, and little else—though he dressed in finery. Of medium stature, he wore his hair up, had a thin straight nose, and fleshy lips. He spoke Trade pidgin and supplemented his words with sign language.

The Anilco—a Nation several weeks south of Cahokia by fast canoe—had established themselves in the eastern floodplain at the confluence of the great Western River where it flowed into the Father Water. Their swamp-surrounded town occupied a strategic position, controlling access to Western River and its upstream Nations, including the Caddo.

Two days back, at the canoe landing outside River Mounds City, Water Bird had Traded with Seven Skull Shield for his services as a guide. In return for two fabric bags of salt, Seven Skull Shield had committed to show Water Bird the highlights of Cahokia’s Green Corn celebration, or Busk as it was locally known.

As they strolled north along the dark, crowd-packed margins of Cahokia’s Great Plaza, Water Bird kept gasping his amazement. Within twenty paces he could hear a dozen languages, most of them incomprehensible. Every manner of dress, hairstyle, body adornment, and peculiar facial tattoos from a hundred different peoples were on display. Like a whirlpool, Cahokia had sucked in pilgrims from a half-year’s journey in all directions.

“Just how many people live in Cahokia?” the Anilco wondered. Hundreds of fires burned within sight of the plaza, and hundreds more covered the uplands in the distance. The orange glare was so bright only the largest stars could be seen in the night sky.

“Tens of tens of thousands,” Seven Skull Shield replied. “In the last two days, you’ve only seen a piece of the city stretching from the canoe landing and River Mounds City, to the Avenue of the Sun, and the Great Plaza. There’s just as much to the south, north, and east. It would take you weeks to see it all.”

“I’d heard … but never believed.” Wonder gleamed in Water Bird’s eyes.

Seven Skull Shield pointed to the high palace atop the magnificent mound on the plaza’s northern side. “That’s where the living god dwells.”

“Right there?” Awe filled his voice.

“Absolutely.”

Water Bird fingered his receding chin, eyes speculative. “Then … it is true? The storied hero from the Beginning Times, the Morning Star, has been resurrected into a living human body?” The Anilco shook his head. “It is so hard to believe. Some say that your Morning Star is not a living god but just a man playing a role.”

Seven Skull Shield shrugged. “I’ve been up there in that palace. Sat face-to-face with him. If that’s Chunkey Boy, the young man whose body was used as host for the resurrected god’s souls, he’s pretty convincing.”

“So … what do you believe?”

Seven Skull Shield rubbed the back of his neck. “I don’t believe in much, good Trader, but I’ve seen some pretty amazing things happen around the Morning Star. I might scoff at the priests and some of their sleights, but I’ve been in the center of Power. And let me tell you, by Piasa’s swinging balls, it’s scary.”

When it came to guile, craftiness, and the ability to lure adventurous young women into his bed—all the most pragmatic of skills—Seven Skull Shield considered himself a man without peer.

Power, however, was a whole different critter.

Hard experience had taught him that a wise man didn’t underestimate the living god. The resurrected hero was just as cunning and capable as Seven Skull Shield, though in a different sphere. After all, how hard did a living god have to work when it came to filling his bed with women? He just had to point, saying, “I want that one.”

On the other hand, the Morning Star had never had to steal so much as a loaf of bread, avoid a jealous husband, or hold his own in a knock-down, eye-gouging brawl down at the canoe landing.

Those kinds of skills weren’t just granted to everyone.

“Why are you scowling at the Morning Star’s high palace? Is it that you yourself really don’t believe he’s a reincarnated god?”

“No. Just wondering who’s the craftier. Him or me?” After all, Seven Skull Shield was still alive—clanless and unprotected by privilege as he was—which proved he was the consummate survivor in this great city.

Which, of course, meant the world.

“Come, Water Bird. I’ll show you where the high and mighty live. Let you stare up the great staircase to the Council Terrace Gate. Point out Lady Night Shadow Star’s palace. She’s something, she is. A real beauty—and possessed by your Piasa, too. Scoff all you like, but I’ve seen her under the beast’s spell.”

“Then she is a dangerous woman of great and unusual Power.” Water Bird gave him a disbelieving glance.

“Indeed, she is,” Seven Skull Shield replied as his stomach growled. “You hungry? Don’t move a step or you’ll get lost in this crowd and I’ll never find you. Be right back.”

He slipped sideways in the press and prowled the crowd. For some reason he couldn’t shake a sudden foreboding. The feeling that something was about to go wrong clung to his souls like a morning-spun cobweb.

This was the final night of the Busk ceremony. Tonight’s feast was the joyous celebration after four days of fasting, ritual prayer, cleansing and purging, and sexual abstention—the biggest, grandest festival in the Cahokian world. It celebrated the resurrection of Morning Star. This evening’s festival began when the first ears of this year’s green corn were consumed by the Morning Star.

Seven Skull Shield should have been as jovial as the ebbing and flowing crowd. And, pus and blood, Water Bird was certainly paying him enough. Instead, his thoughts, unaccountably, were plagued with notions of murder and mayhem.

Seven Skull Shield located his target: a Deer Clan Trader who stood behind a raised table on which roasted turkey legs were displayed. The stall beside him was manned by an old Panther Clan woman selling pigments and dyes, the colors filling assorted clay bowls on her blanket.

“How’s business?” Seven Skull Shield asked the old woman.

“Slow,” she told him as the crowd jostled past.

“You’ve got a good location.” He pointed at the white-clay-capped mound behind her where the frame of a huge new building loomed in the firelit night. “That’s the Four Winds Tonka’tzi’s new palace going up.”

“I thought it would give me a little more prestige,” she told him. “I’m only asking what’s reasonable. Look at these yellow clay dyes. Have you ever seen such bright colors?”

Which was when Seven Skull Shield’s opportunity came. Three little boys, giggling and pushing each other, ran behind the turkey vendor’s booth, squealing as they tore past.

“Hey! You boys!” Seven Skull Shield roared and pointed. “Bring that turkey leg back you little scoundrels!”

The boys stopped, blinking in surprise.

“How’d they do that?” Seven Skull Shield asked the Deer Clan man in wonder. “Grab that leg right out from under you, and you never saw?”

The turkey vendor swung around to stare at the boys, who, suddenly terrified—and accused of something they hadn’t done—whirled and ran for their lives. The Deer Clan turkey vendor let out a bellow of rage and pelted off after them.

“Vile little thieves,” Seven Skull Shield told the Panther Clan woman, and paused only long enough to snare two turkey legs before stepping into the crowd.

Stealing was simple. Killing other human beings, by contrast, was such a complicated thing. He considered it as he slipped through the throngs packing the plaza margins. In one set of circumstances men and women lauded each other, singing, feasting, and calling upon Spirit Power to aid their mutual quest to dispatch other human beings, often in the most hideous manner; clubbing, slicing, bashing, burning, suffocating and crushing among them. Doing so was not only justified, but encouraged in the pursuit of territory, loot, or as a remedy for some real or perceived insult.

At other times, the “good of society” required that a person sneak up behind a relative who had transgressed, stolen, or committed an outrage, and bash his or her unsuspecting brains out with a heavy club. Families were responsible for the actions of their own. Such elimination of a miscreant for the betterment and peace of mind for all was considered a distasteful but necessary duty. Again, it took place with the full sanction of the community.

Everyone understood that hanging a war captive or political prisoner in a wooden square and burning, cutting, and beating him for days until he finally succumbed was not only just, it was a measure of the victim’s courage—which provided his miserable afterlife soul with a path to redemption. More, it served as a religious observance, one that helped balance the red Power of chaos and blood with the white Power’s order and tranquility.

But change the circumstances, even a little, and what the community once gleefully sanctioned became taboo and evil. Should a kinsman goad his relative into a sudden rage and a lethal blow be delivered? Such a killing crossed the line into murder. It was all a matter of rules.

Picky little subtle rules.

Seven Skull Shield had always had trouble with rules.

Mostly because they were made by people who expected him to obey them.

Water Bird, true to his instructions, stood exactly where Seven Skull Shield had left him. The man was watching the Dancers in the stickball field and gratefully took his turkey leg.

As Seven Skull Shield sank his teeth into the juicy flesh, he wondered why these perplexing notions of murder and mayhem were popping into his head on this of all nights.

“Have you ever seen anything like this, Water Bird? They’re celebrating this most important of rituals—the renewal and rebirth of the entire world.”

“It is more than I can believe,” the Anilco replied with a full mouth.

Seven Skull Shield pointed with his turkey. “The sacred fire up there in the Morning Star’s temple was extinguished and relit by the Morning Star himself. That was the moment of rebirth.”

Water Bird shook his head, eyes still on the lines of Dancers out in the plaza. “For the last three days I thought you were all head-struck crazy. I can’t believe you strip your houses and temples down to the walls and replace perfectly good furnishings.”

“They call it ritual cleansing.” Yesterday in River Mounds City, he’d watched Water Bird’s awed expression as last year’s matting was committed to monstrous bonfires and new matting laid across the packed-dirt floors.

“Well, Water Bird, you can go back and tell your Anilco that you survived days of deprivation. That the purging, prayers, sacrifices, and acts of atonement didn’t kill you. You’ve seen miscreants pardoned for their deeds. Exiles, whose petitions were granted, will be allowed to return home to the embrace of families and friends. Happy times all around. Just like the Morning Star himself, the world is risen from death. Everything made whole. Even the new corn crop.”

“It’s so much grander than our First Fire celebrations held at the solstice and equinox,” Water Bird lamented.

The feasting going on around them included people gorging on new corn and roasting entire carcasses of deer, turkeys, ducks, geese, and swans. Basket-loads of fish, turtles, cattail roots, coontie-root bread, and nuts and berries of every kind were everywhere.

Yet here Seven Skull Shield was, chewing on a succulent turkey leg and unable to think of anything but murder as he led Water Bird through the smoke-filled night.

Crowds of brightly dressed people thronged around them, laughing, chattering happily, and clapping their hands in the warm summer air. An eerie illumination filled the night sky as tens of thousands of fires reflected orange over the sprawling city.

The sound of flutes and drums rose and fell, coupled with the rhythmic thumping of feet in the great plaza. Thousands Danced in honor of Corn Maiden, Old-Woman-Who-Never-Dies’ daughter, from whose vagina had come the gift of corn back in the Beginning Times.

Lines of men, their arms linked, shuffled and stomped as they faced similar lines of women. Bodies illuminated by leaping fires, the Dancers moved in a sinuous and beautiful unison, swaying and singing on grass trampled by four days of frantic stickball games.

The plaza margins, where Seven Skull Shield led his Anilco charge, were packed elbow-to-elbow with vendors. Food, pottery, textiles, carvings, and trinkets were laid out on blankets or offered from portable stands. Throngs of passersby looked on or stopped long enough to dicker for a necklace or feathered cloak.

Seven Skull Shield barely grabbed Water Bird out of the way as a flock of screaming children tore through the throng. A sudden break in the crowd gave him an unrestricted view of Morning’s Star mound.

“There, Water Bird. Look. This is the best view you can get.”

The massive mound dominated the northern side of the Great Plaza like some hulking monster. On the heights, the Morning Star’s soaring temple rose behind its palisade and seemed to glow in the fluttering orange gleam.

“The palace is huge!”

“As befits a living god. You see that terrace that juts out on the south? That’s the Council Terrace where the tonka’tzi receives embassies from every Nation, including the Anilco. And there, at the top of the stairs, do you see those people standing in the Council Terrace Gate? You wanted to see the Morning Star? There he is.”

Even over the distance the colorful and feathered costumes stood out, dominated by the Morning Star’s magnificent red feather cape.

“The people around him? Those are the high-born rulers of the Four Winds Clan and their retinues. Come on, let’s get closer and I’ll point them out.”

Like all things pertaining to the Morning Star, the spectacle was magnificently orchestrated. The living god of Cahokia and his servants were suitably displayed for the masses to see and marvel over.

The thunderstruck Water Bird appeared to be getting his value in Trade, his eyes wide, mouth hanging open to expose half-chewed turkey.

While the southern half of the Great Plaza hosted the thousands dancing in honor of Corn Maiden and her gift of the sacred plant, the northern half was dedicated to the noble born. Unlike the inclusive Corn Maiden Dance where anyone could participate, in the plaza below the great mound only elite individuals Danced in honor of the Morning Star.

Each of the Four Winds Clan “Houses” was represented, of course, but so, too, were the Earth Clans and the representatives of foreign Nations like the Pacaha, Casqui, Yuchi, Muskogee, Albaamaha, and Caddo.

With the exception of the long strips of manicured clay dedicated to the chunkey courts, the whole grassy area north of the World Tree pole was filled with costumed Dancers and their musicians.

To Seven Skull Shield, it appeared a chaos and cacophony as feathered and painted Dancers wheeled and leaped, each seeking to outdo his competition.

All that for the living god who stood above with his arms raised in blessing.

The Morning Star cut an imposing figure. His polished-copper headdress glinted in the gaudy light; exotic feathers rose from shoulder splays. His remarkable feathered cloak gave his spread arms the appearance of mighty crimson wings. A snowy white apron—a representation of a scalp lock—hung before his hips, its tip dangling between his knees.

“He looks like a Spirit Being from the Beginning Times,” Water Bird marveled.

“You can barely make it out from here, but the living god painted his face white with black forked-eye designs. The forked eye? That’s the sign of the Sky World. His soul was recalled from the sky during the resurrection.”

“And the costumed woman to his left?”

“That’s the tonka’tzi, which means the “Great Sky” in Cahokian. She’s the ruler of the Four Winds Clan. The Four Winds normally trace descent through the males, but upon her brother Red Warrior’s death last spring, Matron Wind ascended to the tonka’tzi’s position.”

“I heard that generated some animosity among the other Houses in the Four Winds Clan.”

Seven Skull Shield grinned. “The only people the Four Winds Clan love to scrap with more them themselves is anybody else. See to the tonka’tzi’s left? That’s my good friend Clan Keeper Blue Heron. She’s the one who sniffs out the plots against the Morning Star and cracks heads. Her spies have ears in every Four Winds House, every Earth Clan chief’s palace, and just about everywhere else.”

Water Bird gave him a sidelong glance. “Your good friend, huh? I heard you’re one of her spies.”

Seven Skull Shield grimaced. “Spy is an unkind term.”

To change the subject he said, “The people you see clustered behind the Morning Star are the lords and matrons of the other Houses that rule the city. My excellent friend, War Duck, he’s High Chief at River Mounds City. The fat guy? He’s Green Chunkey of Horned Serpent House down south. You can see the woman? That’s Columella, from Evening Star House. I was the man who pulled her children out of her burning temple last spring.”

He waved. “The rest are high-ranking chiefs from the subordinate Earth Clans who’ve been lucky enough to wrangle an invitation for this most august of nights.”

“Look at how they’re dressed!” Water Bird said through a worshipful smile.

“And there, to the right? That’s Lady Night Shadow Star, eldest daughter of the late tonka’tzi Red Warrior, sister to Chunkey Boy whose body the Morning Star now inhabits. You ask me, she’s the second most Powerful person in Cahokia after the living god.”

“And her souls are really possessed by Piasa?”

“No question about it. She often sends her souls to the Underworld.”

Water Bird tilted his head skeptically. “I’m not sure I believe it. Anyone possessed by the Underwater Panther’s Power would go mad. Humans aren’t meant to contain such Power.”

“You may be right, my friend.” Seven Skull Shield’s lips thinned. “She’s one scary woman when Piasa’s whispering in her souls. Eerie, dark, reeking of the watery smells and ways of the Underworld. And maybe more than a bit insane.”

“She’s beautiful!”

“Ah, yes. There’s that, too. Part of the lady’s charm. The moment she steps into a room, any normal man is going to start dreaming about ways to fit his body against hers. And just about the time he’s imagining himself slipping his hard shaft into her, Night Shadow Star’s eyes go vacant, her voice changes into Piasa’s, and horrifying revelations pass those full lips. Revelations that terrify a man’s souls and shrivel his rod into a nubbin.”

He tossed his gnawed turkey bone to a slinking cur—a bear-looking thing with odd blue-and-brown eyes. The dog studied him thoughtfully, then snapped up the treat and vanished into the crowd.

They rounded the plaza onto the Avenue of the Sun—the renowned east-west thoroughfare that passed below the Morning Star’s mound and transected Cahokia.

“You see that man kneeling behind Night Shadow Star? The one dressed in full armor? That’s Fire Cat.”

“No! Really? The famous war chief of Red Wing Town who defeated three Cahokian armies? That’s him? Why is he still alive?”

“Because after Cahokia finally conquered Red Wing Town last spring, they took him prisoner. Fire Cat was supposed to die in agony on a square, but Night Shadow Star, on Piasa’s orders, cut him down and bound him to her. For such supposed enemies, they have a curious friendship.”

Seven Skull Shield grinned as he turned his attention back to Clan Keeper Blue Heron. The old woman had a pinched look on her face; bits of shell and mica sewn to her skirt winked in the light. Her throat sported a wealth of shell-bead necklaces, no doubt hiding the scar that Seven Skull Shield knew so well. His life, and hers, had changed the night an assassin came within a whisker of severing her throat.

“And who are these Dancers?” Water Bird asked.

Seven Skull Shield turned his attention to the spectacle on the plaza. In the forefront were Dancers representing the Four Winds Clan Houses. Behind them Dancers from the Earth Clans whirled and leaped. And finally came the representatives from the other Nations.

“They Dance in honor of the Morning Star and seek his recognition. In the end, Morning Star will pick one for special honor based on the Dancer’s skill and costume.”

Among them Seven Skull Shield could pick out the Caddo, dressed in traditional Dance garb, and to the east, a whole contingent representing different Muskogee Nations. They Danced and whirled among a flurry of feathers and shell bells. The Pacaha—costumed to represent Piasa—held a position in the center rear.

But dominating the demonstration was the Quigualtam Dancer, a young man, brother to the Great Sun, or lord of the Natchez confederacy in the south. Dressed in a snake costume covered with reflective mica disks to represent scales, he whirled and pirouetted. Light from the bonfires glittered like a thousand eyes on his costume. Deer antlers were fixed to the headdress, and quartz-crystal eyes seemed to gleam with an inner light. Eagle wings sprouted from the serpent’s back, spread as if to bear the creature into the sky. Behind the man’s pattering feet, a rattlesnake’s tail with gourd rattles whipped back forth with remarkable similarity to a living snake’s. The young man looked out through the beast’s mouth, as if he were a soul devoured by the winged snake.

“It’s Horned Serpent!” Water Bird cried, pointing with delight.

Oral tradition was filled with stories of those who’d been devoured by Horned Serpent. The great winged snake spent its winters in the Underworld but flew into the southern night sky during the summer moons to guard the pathway of the dead.

“There you are,” a familiar voice said in Cahokian. “Been looking for you.”

Seven Skull Shield turned, crying, “Crazy Frog? You’re a bit far afield tonight. What brings you all the way from River Mounds City?”

Water Bird, unable to understand their language, smiled and nodded politely before turning his attention back to the Dancers.

If there were ever a nondescript Cahokian, it was Crazy Frog. Nothing about the man, including his smudged and unrecognizable tattoos, stood out. Average of height and body build, he wore a formless brown breechcloth; a simple hemp-fiber cloak hung from his shoulders. His hair was wound into a round bun and pinned with wooden skewers.

One would never guess he was one of the wealthiest and most influential men in Cahokia. Crazy Frog liked it that way. The less the Four Winds Clan knew about his activities, the better, though he had recently come to Clan Keeper Blue Heron’s attention. She, however, was smart enough to turn a blind eye to his more nefarious activities.

“I’m here on a hunch.” Crazy Frog glanced up at where Morning Star and his minions watched the Dancers performing in his honor. “You still tight with her?”

“The Clan Keeper? We, uh, get along.”

Crazy Frog kept his expression bland. “Her reputation is that she’s never had good taste in men.”

“We don’t have that sort of relations. It’s a … a sort of…”

“Working relationship?”

“Good choice of words.” Seven Skull Shield jammed his thumbs into his belt. “Which brings me back to my original question: What brings you here, on this, of all nights? You should be watching the celebrations in River Mounds City and fingering your winnings after four days of betting on chunkey matches.”

“Which is where I’d rather be,” Crazy Frog admitted. “I think someone important is going to be murdered tonight.”

Seven Skull Shield glanced sidelong at the clueless Water Bird and used a thumbnail to pick at a bit of turkey stuck in his teeth. “Who?” he mumbled past his thumb. “A Four Winds lord?”

“That, I don’t know. One of my people told me that he overheard two Traders who overhead something at the canoe landing. Something big and secret. Knowing that you and the Keeper like to know these things, I sent a man to learn more. When he got there, one of the Traders was dead, the other packing to leave and scared out of his wits. Said it wasn’t worth his life, or his future on the river, to say anything else. My man tried to pry more out of him, but all the Trader would say was that he depended on his Trade in the south.”

“The south?”

“Make what you will out of that. Those were the trader’s last words before he pushed his canoe out and headed downriver himself.”

“That’s not much.”

Crazy Frog gave him a sidelong glance. “Call it a gut feeling. The last time people were being murdered, it was Four Winds Clan nobles. The city almost came apart.” He indicated Clan Keeper Blue Heron where she stood next to the Morning Star. “If that sort of thing is about to break loose again, I want her to know that I took it seriously. Gave you everything I had. She rewards her friends well.”

“You think someone’s moving on the Four Winds Clan again? Maybe one of the other Houses? Some of them are resentful of Tonka’tzi Wind and how leadership is concentrated.”

“Maybe.” Crazy Frog made a face. “I don’t know. ‘Trade in the south’ takes in a lot of territory from the Caddo to the Muskogee and everyone in between.” He slapped Seven Skull Shield on the shoulder. “So, there it is. You’re warned. Now I’m having my litter carry me back to River Mounds City and my winnings. I’ll give my wife your love … since Otter will never give you any of hers back.”

“Oh, you never know. Eventually Mother Otter’s curiosity might get the better of her. I think every woman wonders what it would be like to have a real man bed her.”

Crazy Frog’s smile thinned in pity. “Well, I guess if you ever become a ‘real man,’ I’ll have to worry, won’t I?”

Crazy Frog chuckled, turned on his heel, and vanished into the crowd.

Seven Skull Shield shot a worried look at the Council Terrace landing above. The living god seemed oblivious, his gaze on the Dancers, but as if she sensed him, Blue Heron turned her eyes his way.

The last time a murderer had stalked important people in Cahokia, the city had barely survived. Only through patience and sense had calm prevailed in the days since the Morning Star’s one-time brother Walking Smoke had reportedly met his doom.

As Seven Skull Shield watched, the Morning Star raised his arms high, the feathered cloak spreading like a giant bird’s scarlet wings.

A sudden silence descended on the Dancers. The musicians stilled their instruments. The crowd around Seven Skull Shield went quiet.

A young warrior, his face painted, hips girdled in a red sash, emerged from the gate and bowed before the Morning Star. Seven Skull Shield could see the Morning Star speaking, though the sound didn’t carry.

The young warrior nodded, rose, and received the intricately feathered cloak as the Morning Star removed it from his shoulders.

Holding the cloak, the warrior almost skipped down the grand staircase, passed the guards who stood in ranks at the bottom, and trotted out among the Dancers.

As every eye followed, the warrior stopped before the Quigualtam Dancer in his Horned Serpent costume. The warrior dropped to one knee, and shouted, “It is the will of the Morning Star that this man, Nine Strikes, Little Sun of the Natchez Confederacy, brother to the Great Sun, or high chief, and nephew to the Natchez matron known as the White Woman, doing honor to both Horned Serpent and his people, receive this gift of appreciation in the name of the people of Cahokia, the Morning Star, and the Powers of the Sky World!”

A thunderous cry went up as the Quigualtam Dancer extended his arms from inside the costume and took the stunning feathered cloak. He dropped to his knees as he lifted his prize toward the Morning Star.

“Enough of Dancers and celebration,” Seven Skull Shield muttered to himself. All evening, his thoughts had been consumed with murder. And now Crazy Frog, of all people, comes to warn him?

He was turning to leave when he saw the man. Young, his face sported distinctive tattoos reminiscent of the Natchez. The fellow was well-muscled, maybe twenty-five summers, with a leather pack over his left shoulder. His hair was done in a unique style: split in the middle into braids that had been curled around separate buns as if to mimic horn buds. His only clothing consisted of a breechcloth that hung from his waist.

The problem was that if he were from the Natchez confederacy, he should have looked delighted. A representative of his people had just won the grandest of the Morning Star’s gifts and recognition. Instead, a cold rage seemed to brew behind the young man’s eyes, and his fist was so tight where it clutched the pack that his knuckles had gone white.

“Hey. Water Bird. You’re from the south. This man over here. He’s Natchez, right?”

“Sun Born,” Water Bird agreed. “Only those in the Great Sun’s lineage may wear their hair in that fashion.”

As Water Bird spoke, the Natchez ground his teeth and turned to a man on his right. Older, maybe fifty summers, and wearing a fine hemp war shirt, the older man listened carefully and nodded. In the light of the fires, Seven Skull Shield could just make out the man’s tattoos, smudged as they were with charcoal.

Four Winds Clan.

“Water Bird? Have you seen everything I promised?”

“Yes, and then some. I am most delighted.”

“Good, ’cause I’ve got to go. Something’s come up.”

And then the crowd began to jostle, the celebration over. By the time Seven Skull Shield shifted to catch another look, the Natchez and the furtive Four Winds man were gone.

Copyright © 2016 by W. Michael Gear and Kathleen O’Neal Gear

Buy Sun Born here:

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New Releases: 8/30/16

Here’s what went on sale today!

The Empty Ones by Robert Brockway

The Empty Ones by Robert BrockwayFollowing on the heels of Robert Brockway’s comedic horror novel The Unnoticeables, The Empty Ones reveals the next chapter in the lives of a few misfits attempting to fight back against the mysterious Unnoticeables. The Empty Ones follows Carey and Randall to London where they go to rescue Gus and fight more of these mysterious angel-like creatures, and stumble on a powerful and unexpected ally. Meanwhile, Kaitlyn, who was very nearly beat when last we saw her, continues her fight into the desert of Mexico and the Southwest US, seeking the mysterious gear cult. Once there, she discovers what the gear cult is really up to: trying to ‘pin’ the angels to Earth, focus their attention here, and get as much of humanity as possible “solved”–which, in their minds, is akin to being saved–and in the process discovers something incredible about herself.

High Stakes edited by George R. R. Martin and Melinda Snodgrass

High Stakes edited by George R.R. Martin and Melinda SnodgrassAfter the concluding events of Lowball, Officer Francis Black of Fort Freak, vigilante joker Marcus “The Infamous Black Tongue” Morgan, and ace thief Mollie “Tesseract” Steunenberg get stuck in Talas, Kyrgyzstan. There, the coldblooded Baba Yaga forces jokers into an illegal fighting ring, but her hidden agenda is much darker: her fighters’ deaths serve to placate a vicious monster from another dimension. When the last line of defense against this world weakens, all hell breaks loose, literally…. The Committee in New York sends a team of aces to investigate. One by one, each falls victim to evil forces–including the dark impulses within themselves. Only the perseverance of the most unlikely of heroes has a chance of saving the world before utter chaos erupts on Earth. Edited by #1 New York Times bestselling author George R. R. Martin, High Stakes features the writing talents of Melinda M. Snodgrass, John Jos. Miller, David Anthony Durham, Caroline Spector, Stephen Leigh, and Ian Tregillis.

NOW IN PAPERBACK:

Chasing the Phoenix by Michael Swanwick

Gatefather by Orson Scott Card

Hell’s Foundations Quiver David Weber

People of the Songtrail by Kathleen O’Neal Gear and W. Michael Gear

Trucker Ghost Stories edited by Annie Wilder

What You See by Hank Phillippi Ryan

Willful Child by Steven Erikson

NEW IN MANGA:

Angel Beats!: Heaven’s Door Vol. 2 by Jun Maeda

Monster Musume Vol. 9 by OKAYADO

Shomin Sample: I Was Abducted by an Elite All-Girls School as a Sample Commoner Vol. 2 Story by Nanatsuki Takafumi; Art by Risumai

See upcoming releases.

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25 Years of “People” Books!

People of the Wolf by the Gears
Written by Kathleen O’Neal Gear and W. Michael Gear

This July marks the twenty-five year anniversary of the publication of People of the Wolf. We thought we’d tell you how it came to be.

Greetings! We are W. Michael Gear and Kathleen O’Neal Gear, the authors of the North America’s Forgotten Past series. While we are both academically trained archaeologists with nearly sixty years of combined field experience, it wasn’t a foregone conclusion that we would write a unique series of novels based on the archaeology of the US and Canada.

This story starts in 1986 when Michael sold his interest in Pronghorn Anthropological Associates, the archaeological research firm he had co-founded, and Kathleen resigned from her position as an archaeologist for the U.S. Department of the Interior. Between us we had an impossibly small nest egg, a rustic cabin with no running water high in the Colorado Rockies, and the impossible dream that we were going to be novelists. (To you aspiring ascetics out there: you discover the true meaning of life when you lower your delicate nether regions onto an outhouse frost ring at -35F.)

It was tough going. Income was scarce. In February of 1988 we were down to our last $184.47. The cupboards and freezer were bare. Road kill along the highway was starting to look really appetizing.

At this critical moment, our good friend Bill Davis, principal investigator at Abajo Archaeology, called us: “Guys, I’m in a fix. I know it’s the middle of winter, but I need to field a team of archaeologists on the I-70 expansion project in central Utah. We’ll be paying top wages.”

We loaded the truck the next day and spent a month and a half digging archaeological sites along the I-70 right-of-way across the San Rafael Swell.

Back at the cabin, we had barely stepped in the door when the phone rang.

“Where you been?” Tor Books editor Michael Seidman asked. We’d met Seidman in June at a Western Writers of America conference in Fort Worth, Texas.

“Doing archaeology in Utah.”

“What did you find?”

“Well, a lot, including maybe the oldest house pit in Utah. Could be 6,000 years old. Dates are still out. Even the roofing is intact. And then there were Fremont culture storage pits with the piñon nuts still inside, and Fremont pit houses, and gaming pieces—”

“Why aren’t you writing about all this?”

“Our agent told us no one cared about America’s past.”

“I care,” Seidman said. Then he thought for a moment before adding, “I want a hefty book to put in my hefty bag, while I walk the hefty streets of New York. About five hundred pages. Start with the first migration into North America and have each of the characters become the founder of one of the modern Native American languages. Then, in the last scene of the novel, they see a European ship floating off the East Coast.”

“Uh, Mike, let’s get this straight. You want us to write a novel that spans the North American continent, covers fifteen thousand years of cultural history, and contains hundreds of characters. In five hundred pages.” Keep in mind, Bill Davis hadn’t paid us yet. We still had $184.47 in the bank. We said, “We’ll do it. But with that much to cover it will have a plot as engrossing as the phone book.”

There was silence on the line.

Finally, Seidman said, “Well, what would it take to just skim the high points?”

We settled on six novels. The series would focus on PaleoIndian culture, two archaic-period novels, one book each on the Hopewell, Cahokia, and the Chaco Anasazi, finishing with a California book. It was too good to be true. Somebody was finally going to let us write about what we loved.

And here we are today, celebrating the 25th anniversary of the publication of People of the Wolf. The series was, and remains, unique. In many ways, we’re telling the story of a continent’s forgotten past. Our continent’s. Our peoples’. It’s twenty-two books later, and we’ve still just barely scratched the surface of North America’s amazing and rich prehistoric heritage.

We owe a great debt of gratitude to our publisher, Tom Doherty, who took a chance that two archaeologists could actually write novels.

Thanks, Tom.

The ebook edition of People of the Wolf is on sale for $2.99 until Friday. Get your copy now!

Buy People of the Wolf today:
Amazon | Barnes & Noble | Books-a-Million | eBooks.com | Google Play | iBooks | Indiebound | Powell’s

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Viking Warrior Women: Did ‘Shieldmaidens’ Like Lagertha Really Exist?

People of the Songtrail by W. Michael Gear and Kathleen O'Neal GearWritten by Kathleen O’Neal Gear and W. Michael Gear

As archaeologists, we’ve spent over thirty years studying warrior women from a variety of cultures around the world, and, we have to tell you, shieldmaidens pose a problem.

Stories of Viking warrior women are found in a number of historical documents, but several come from factually unreliable heroic sagas, fornaldarsogur. A good example is Hervor’s and Heidrek’s Saga. After the hero, Angantyr, falls in battle his daughter Hervor takes her father’s sword and uses it to avenge his death by killing his enemies. There are similar stories of Brynhilde and Freydis, in Sigurd’s Saga and the Saga of the Greenlanders. But in each case the story is more about myth-making than fact. As well, these are tales of individual women who are highly skilled with swords and fight in battles, but give no evidence for a ‘community’ of women warriors, which the shieldmaidens are supposed to have been.

There are, however, more reliable historical resources. In the 1070s, for example, Adam of Bremen (chronicling the Hamburg-Bremen archdiocese) wrote that a northern region of Sweden near lake Malaren was inhabited by war-like women. But he doesn’t say how many women, nor does he clarify what “war-like” means. Were these women just zealously patriotic, bad-tempered, aggressive, or maybe even too independent for his Medieval Christian tastes? It’s hard to say.

Then we have the splendid references to ‘communities’ of shieldmaidens found in the works of 12th century Danish historian, Saxo Grammaticus, whose writing is sure to make every modern woman livid. Keep in mind, Saxo was likely the secretary of the Archbishop of Lund, and had specific Christian notions about appropriate female behavior. He wrote, “There were once women in Denmark who dressed themselves to look like men and spent almost every minute cultivating soldiers’ skills. …They courted military celebrity so earnestly that you would have guessed they had unsexed themselves. Those especially who had forceful personalities or were tall and elegant embarked on this way of life. As if they were forgetful of their true selves they put toughness before allure, aimed at conflicts instead of kisses, tasted blood, not lips, sought the clash of arms rather than the arm’s embrace, fitted to weapons hands which should have been weaving, desired not the couch but the kill…” (Fisher 1979, p. 212).

Okay. Saxo says there were ‘communities’ of shieldmaidens. Apparently, he means more than one community. How many? Ten? Fifty? Five thousand? In his The Danish History, Books I-IX, he names Alfhild, Sela, and Rusila as shieldmaidens, and also names three she-captains, Wigibiorg, who fell on the field at Bravalla, Hetha, who became queen of Zealand, and Wisna, whose hand was cut off by Starcad at Bravalla. He also writes about Lathgertha and Stikla. So…eight women? They might make up one community, but ‘communities?’

Historical problems like these have caused many scholars conclude that shieldmaidens were little more than a literary motif, perhaps devised to counter the influences of invading Christians and their notions of proper submissive female behavior. There are good arguments for this position (Lewis-Simpson, 2000, pp. 295-304). However, historically most cultures had women warriors, and where there were more than a few women warriors, they formed communities. If the shieldmaidens existed, we should find the evidence in the archaeological record.

For example, do we see them represented in Viking material culture, like artwork? Oh, yes. There are a number of iconographic representations of what may be female warriors. Women carrying spears, swords, shields, and wearing helmets, are found on textiles and brooches, and depicted as metallic figurines, to name a few. One of the most intriguing recent finds is a silver figurine discovered in Harby, Denmark, in 2012. The figurine appears to be a woman holding an upright sword in her right hand and a shield in her left.  Now, here’s the problem: These female warrior images may actually be depictions of valkyries, ‘choosers of the slain.’ Norse literature says that the war god, Odin, sent armed valkyries into battle to select the warriors worthy of entering the Hall of the Slain, Valhalla. Therefore, these images might represent real warrior women, but they could also be mythic warrior women.

And where are the burials of Viking warrior women? Are there any?

This is tricky. What would the burial of a shieldmaiden look like? How would archaeologists know if they found one?  Well, archaeologists recognize the burials of warriors in two primary ways:

  1. Bioarchaeology. If you spend your days swinging a sword with your right hand, the bones in that arm are larger, and you probably have arthritis in your shoulder, elbow and wrist. In other words, you have bone pathologies from repetitive stress injuries. At this point in time, we are aware of no Viking female burials that unequivocally document warrior pathologies.  But here’s the problem: If a Viking woman spent every morning using an axe to chop wood for her breakfast fire or swinging a scythe to cut her hay field—and we know Viking women did both—the bone pathologies would be very similar to swinging a sword or practicing with her war axe. Are archaeologists simply misidentifying warrior women pathologies? Are we attributing them to household activities because, well, they’re women. Surely they weren’t swinging a war axe. See? The psychological legacy of living in a male dominated culture can have subtle effects, though archaeologists work very hard not to fall prey to such prejudices.
  2. Artifacts. Sometimes warriors wear uniforms, or are buried with the severed heads of their enemies, but they almost always have weapons: swords, shields, bows, arrows, stilettos, spears, helmets, or mail-coats. A good example is the Kaupang burial.

There are many Viking “female weapons burials,” as archaeologists call them. Let us give you just a few examples. At the Gerdrup site in Denmark the woman was buried with a spear at her feet. This is a really interesting site for another reason: The woman’s grave contains three large boulders, two that rest directly on top of her body, which was an ancient method of keeping souls in graves—but that’s a discussion for another article. In Sweden, three graves of women (at Nennesmo and Klinta) contained arrowheads. The most common weapon included in female weapons burials are axes, like those in the burials at the BB site from Bogovej in Langeland (Denmark), and the cemetery at Marem (Norway). The Kaupang female weapons burials also contained axeheads, as well as spears, and in two instances the burial contained a shield boss.

There are many other examples of female weapons burials. For those interested in the details please take a look at the Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia, Vol. 8, pages 273-340.

In conclusion, did the shieldmaidens exist?  When taken as a whole, the literary, historical, and archaeological evidence suggests that there were individual Viking women who cultivated warriors’ skills and, if the sagas can be believed, some achieved great renown in battle. Were there communities of Viking women warriors, as Saxo claims?  There may have been, but there just isn’t enough proof to definitively say so…yet.

However, Lagertha, you personally are still on solid ground. You go, girl.

Lewis-Simpson, Shannon. Vinland Revisited. The Norse World at the Turn of the First Millennium. Historic Sites Association of Newfoundland and Labrador, Inc., 2000: 295-304.

LAGERTHA IMAGE: History Channel

 

Kathleen O’Neal Gear & W. Michael Gear are Anthropologists and award winning authors who have authored and co-authored over 40 books. Their next book, People of the Songtrail, releases on May 26th.

Follow the Gears on Twitter at @GearBooks, on Facebook, or visit them online.

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The Viking Mystery: Did the Greenland Colonists Flee to Join the Native Peoples of America?

People of the Songtrail by W. Michael Gear and Kathleen O'Neal Gear

Written by Kathleen O’Neal Gear and W. Michael Gear

One of the great archaeological mysteries of the northern hemisphere is what happened to the Viking colonists in Greenland? They persevered for over 400 years, from around AD 1000 to roughly 1450, but then they abandoned their villages and vanished. Why?

There are tantalizing historical references. For example, in the 1630s Gisli Oddsson of Skalholt wrote that in the year 1342 the Vikings of Greenland’s Western Settlement, “…of their own free will abandoned the true faith and the Christian religion, having already forsaken all good ways and true virtues, and joined themselves with the folk of America” (Seaver 1996, p. 86). While many archaeologists think this is a real possibility, proof is hard to come by. However, recent archaeological discoveries shed some light on what may have happened.

First, let’s talk about 11th century Viking culture. Who were they? Well, Vikings were farmers. Yes, they avidly explored distant places and conquered the peoples they needed to, but for the most part they farmed cattle, sheep, and goats, as their ancestors had done for generations before them. In fact, around 80% of the Viking diet came from livestock industries, and we know that social identity and status was based upon how many animals you owned and how much land you held. But here’s one of the tidbits of new information: By the middle of the 14th century the Greenland colonists had largely abandoned raising livestock. Instead of livestock, they were eating 80% seal meat. Why? What would force them to abandon farming and take up hunting and fishing instead?

The answer is not simple, but the main reason is they could no longer farm. How do we know? Hundreds of human and animal bones, recovered from Greenland’s archaeological sites, have been examined through isotopic analyses. Okay, what’s an isotopic analysis? There are many things that can be analyzed using isotopes, but, in this case, we’re talking about water and how many atoms of a specific kind of oxygen, 18 O, are contained in water. The number of atoms reflects the temperature at which water was formed in the atmosphere. After forming, the water then falls as rain or snow and is eventually drunk by human beings. All that means is that the number of 18 O atoms that archaeologists find in human or animal skeletal remains reflects the climate. The isotopes tell us that Viking colonists were under siege by the environment in the 14th century.

They must have started noticing the climate change around AD 1250. The growing seasons were becoming shorter. Whereas during the Medieval Warm Period (AD 900-1200), the colonists could cut summer grasses and stockpile hay for winter forage for their animals, when the Little Ice Age settled over Greenland the fjord grasses their livestock depended upon for survival were in increasingly short supply. At the end of the grazing season, there was probably little grass left to cut for hay.

On smaller farms, cattle were at first replaced by sheep and goats. Then they were replaced by pigs. After all, pigs didn’t need hay. They could eat the same things humans did, fish and seafood. But even pigs had disappeared by around 1300.

When they could no longer sustain their livestock, the Vikings started living very much as their Inuit neighbors did; they became hunters and fishers. Were they healthy? Yes.  Analyses of the skeletal remains tell us they were not starving. Nor were they plagued by diseases, at least not by diseases that leave telltale signs in bones.

Yet, they disappeared, and we know that part of the reason rests in the far-reaching impacts of the Little Ice Age.

You see, the intense cold affected more than just the colonists’ ability to raise livestock. For one thing, trade with the Old World simply ceased. Prior to 1350, there had been regular ship traffic between Norway, Iceland, and Greenland. After 1350, the northern Atlantic became a nightmare of sea ice. No sane mariner would dare risk travel to Greenland, especially when things at home were growing desperate. At this time, for example, there was a 60% decrease in the population of Norway, and a 30% decrease in Iceland. These dramatic decreases began before the spreading epidemics reached northern Europe. Famines, caused by crop failures, were rampaging across Europe. Who in their right mind would risk a sea voyage to Greenland to trade for luxury goods like walrus tusks and seal skins—the island’s primary trade goods—when the only thing people at home wanted was food?

A very illuminating archaeological discovery was made in 2010 at a Norse farm on Igaliku Fjord. (The Journal of the North Atlantic, Special Vol. III, 2012). Archaeologists from the University of Copenhagan and the University of Aarhus, in Denmark, excavated a cemetery from the late period of Viking colonization and found almost no young women. Women of child-bearing age had all but vanished. If they had starved, died from illness, or been killed in warfare, they’d probably be in the cemeteries. So…where did they go?

Theories abound. For example, the young women might have returned to their ancestral Scandinavian homelands. In fact, one of the last written references from the colonies is a church document that records the wedding between Thorstein Olafsson and Sigrid Bjornsdottir on September 14, 1408, at Hvalsey Fjord. She was a Greenland native, but he was from Iceland. Did he marry her and take her home? Maybe. But that still doesn’t explain the Igaliku Fjord cemetery mystery. Why would the Greelanders marry off all their daughters to foreigners? Clearly a colony without young women is doomed to extinction. The Norse knew that. Did they realize their extinction was at hand and were saving their young women? Doubtful. If they knew they were doomed and they could get away, wouldn’t they all have left?

Our favorite theory is that Gisli Oddsson was correct, they joined the “folk of America,” probably the Inuit. But if so, archaeologists have not yet found the genetic evidence to prove it. For the moment, however, let’s grant that at least some of them did join the Inuit.  Assimilation is messy business. How was that accomplished? The young Norse women may have joined the native peoples because they wished to, or in exchange for food or peace, or because they were taken as slaves. Taking slaves was a common practice among both the Inuit and the Norse. For example, one Icelandic chronicle states that in 1379 the Inuit attacked the Norsemen, killed 18, and took two men as slaves (Lewis-Simpson, 2000, p. 117).  So, it’s possible that the young women either intermarried with, or were taken as slaves by, the native peoples. Either possibility makes more sense, to us, than shipping them all back to Europe.

The mystery of the missing young women in the cemetery on Igaliku Fjord will stimulate many years of speculation and excavation and, one of these days, archaeologists will discover what happened to them.

Let us hope it’s soon.

Lewis-Simpson, Shannon. Vinland Revisited. The Norse World at the Turn of the First Millennium. Historic Sites Association of Newfoundland and Labrador, Inc., 2000: 111-122.

Pre-order People of the Songtrail today: Amazon | Barnes & Noble | Books-A-Million | iBooks | IndieBound | Powell’s

Follow the Gears on Twitter at @GearBooks, on Facebook, or visit them online.

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Sneak Peek: People of the Songtrail

People of the Songtrail by W. Michael Gear and Kathleen O'Neal GearA Viking seeress encounters the magic of Native America. Read the first two chapters of People of the Songtrail, the latest novel by W. Michael Gear and Kathleen O’Neal Gear, publishing on May 26th.

CHAPTER 1

Firelight fills the room. I hear murmuring echoes that seem to come from great distances, voices I almost recognize. One voice is velvet soft: “Thyra, you must let them go. You’ll hurt them.”

I don’t know where I am. England maybe. But I think I’m two or three. Mother’s beautiful face swims out of the night, smiling down at me. She appears annoyed, as though I’ve failed some test of humanity. Behind her, firelight dances over the log walls, and I remember that all morning I’ve been crawling around, gathering the fluttering orange wings on the floor and trying to scoop them up. They’ve been talking to me, scolding me for trying to catch them. I don’t understand why I can’t grasp the half-transparent butterflies in my hands.

“Here.” Mother reaches up to clutch her silver pendant. “Hold my hand and help me release them.”

(more…)

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People of the Wolf eBook is Now on Sale for $4.99

People of the Wolf by Kathleen O'Neal Gear and W. Michael GearThe ebook for People of the Wolf by Kathleen O’Neal Gear and W. Michael Gear is now on sale for $4.99!*

About People of the Wolf: In the dawn of history, a valiant people forged a path from an old world into a new one through what is now Alaska and the Canadian Northwest Territories. Led by a dreamer who followed the spirit of the wolf, a handful of courageous men and women dared to cross the frozen wastes to find an untouched, unspoiled continent.
A sweeping epic of prehistory, People of the Wolf is a compelling novel in the majestic North America’s Forgotten Past series from New York Times and USA Today bestselling authors W. Michael Gear and Kathleen O’Neal Gear

Buy People of the Wolf today: B & N Nook | eBooks.com | Google Play | iBooks | Kindle | Kobo

sale ends May 1

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